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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention provides a production process for a semi-prepared green bean product that results in a final product after minimal microwave cooking with nutritional values and organoleptic properties, especially color, very similar to the initial raw material. once subjected to the thermal and conservation treatments for a commercial product of V range of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2782148A1
    申请号:ES202030027
    申请日:2020-01-16
    公开日:2020-09-10
    发明作者:Lopez Domingo Saura；Bruna Nuria Marti；Raja Celestino Mendez；Huertas Clotilde Ferrandiz；Pastor Laura Agullo；Ruiz Claudia Diaz；Roche Manuel Valero；Botella Sara Gea；MAS Jose Aniceto LOPEZ；Madrid Concepcion Martinez；Ramos Manuel Luis Aguado
    申请人:Mitra Sol Technologies SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Method for the preparation of semi-prepared green bean products ( Phaseolus vulgaris, L.), and the resulting product with improved organoleptic and nutritional properties
    [0003] Technical sector
    [0004] The present invention deals with a method of preparing a product of the V range of green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris, L) that is easy to consume, bagged and partially cooked before being sold and that maintains the nutritional properties practically the same as those of the raw material. initial.
    [0006] This production method has its application within the agri-food industry in the branch of minimally processed vegetable products.
    [0008] State of the art
    [0010] Currently, due to the change in consumption patterns that society has experienced, the demand for food products with high organoleptic quality, healthy and safe and that also present ease of consumption has grown. Today, in the current products that are on the market, there are losses in the nutritional values of the varieties of green beans that are subjected to some cooking or freezing process. Much of this problem is due to the thermal processes to which the plant material is subjected during its processing. It is in these thermal processes, where the loss of nutritional quality occurs as a result of the processing of the raw material.
    [0012] Referring to green beans, their edible part is very high since it represents 91 % of the total, expressed as a percentage of weight on fresh product. It is a food with a low caloric intake since it has less than 30 kcal / 100g.
    [0014] This low caloric intake is a consequence of the presence of carbohydrates and starch, which are found in its seeds, as well as its content of a small amount of protein. Regarding its vitamin composition, this type of product is an important source of Phosphates and Vitamin C. Other minerals have a place in its composition, but in smaller amounts than phosphorus and calcium. The contribution of iodine is the most significant, since one serving represents 42% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) in men and 53% in women.
    [0015] The calcium present in its pod, helps the growth of children, in pregnancy, in menopause and in diseases.
    [0017] They also present small amounts of a and P-carotenes (compounds with provitamin A activity) and lutein. In relation to these compounds, it can be said that they are effective antioxidants, providing protection against oxidation in cells and that at the same time they are capable of stimulating immune function.
    [0019] Green beans also contain polyphenolic compounds: glycosides, glucuronides, and rutosides derived from quercetin and kaempferol. Some authors have indicated that quercetin glucuronide and rutinoside are potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (a mechanism involved in the development of cardiovascular disease).
    [0021] On the other hand, the content of chromium salts in this food is potentially important for the antidiabetic action. In fact, in the regulation of blood glucose levels, this trace element is involved. Further studies are needed to determine the chromium content of the bean pod for sure to justify this possible application.
    [0023] Well, eating vegetables makes us benefit from the protective effect of antioxidants against free radicals produced by our body and the environment. An excess of free radicals or, on the contrary, a lack of antioxidants, favors cell destruction and therefore aging and the appearance of diseases. Free radicals can cause the death of brain cells, neurons, causing neurodegenerative diseases. The highest content of vitamins and antioxidants is found when the beans are ripe and are harvested. However, many vegetables cannot be eaten raw, as is the example of green beans. Recent studies have studied the behavior of commonly consumed vegetables according to the consumer's real life processes. In this study it was concluded that fresh vegetables have the highest antioxidant content, although within vegetables there are different groups according to their inhibition percentage. But ... How do the transformation and conservation processes affect this nutritional content
    [0025] By refrigeration: it is an effective preservation method but only for one day since the loss of antioxidants in vegetables is usually around 0.3-0.8%. Although they exist small exceptions like cucumbers and zucchini that lose 24-34%. After 7 days some vegetables can lose between 30-40% of their antioxidant action.
    [0026] By freezing: After being frozen for only one day, green beans lose 23% of their antioxidant properties.
    [0028] Other vegetables, such as asparagus and after 8 months frozen, lose 40% of antioxidant activity, broccoli 48%, Brussels sprouts 31%, spinach 21% and garlic 19% . Freezing up to 8 months at -20 ° C, if negatively affects the integrity and nutritional value of foods such as peas, chard and green beans whose potential can be spoiled up to 30%. The industrial freezing process still needs to be improved, among which are green beans as well as other vegetables such as broccoli, asparagus, garlic, spinach, etc. Therefore, it is observed that freezing is not so good to safeguard the nutritional properties of vegetables.
    [0030] Canned: Although antioxidants such as vitamin C and citric acid are often added by manufacturers, to improve their preservation, green beans lose up to 13% of their oxidizing capacity when stored in canning. And it does not matter if they are stored in canning for 1 day or 18 months, because they lose all the antioxidant power from the first moment, so their only advantage is that spending a lot or a little time in canning does not change anything at all.
    [0032] (http://alimentarelcambio.es/verduras-frescas-congeladas-o-de-bote/)
    [0034] This is explained because for canning the products are heated at high temperatures for hours. In this case, the public institutions are also alerting the manufacturers about the advisability of reviewing the processes. Phenols, including flavonoids and vitamin C, are antioxidants that are highly susceptible to loss during this type of industrial handling.
    [0036] (Source: http://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/salud/2009/804/1242252003.html).
    [0038] Processed green beans
    [0040] When vegetables are subjected to cooking water temperatures above 100 ° C, the content of vitamins and other antioxidants decreases, by up to more than a 50% the potential of these substances. Deterioration is complete in compounds like flavonoids.
    [0042] If we classify vegetables into 3 groups on the power of inhibition of free radicals, beans would be in an intermediate category in terms of their power of inhibition with an inhibition power between 50 to 75%
    [0043] Recent studies on various vegetables have shown which of the most common home preparation procedures, such as boiling, pressure cookers, grilling, frying in oil, baking or microwave, is the most suitable . Well, it has been shown that the most important losses occur in boiling and pressure cooking, while the iron, the oven and the microwave turned out to be less aggressive.
    [0045] It was known that certain vitamins are altered by heat, but this effect depends on the structure of each vegetable and the antioxidant.
    [0047] In general, as seen above, heat has a negative effect on these products. The effect of heat will also depend on the time and if it is cooked together with something else, since other compounds can interact or have a synergistic effect.
    [0049] In the case of microwaves, a high energy is produced, during a short period of time, therefore, despite the temperature, the product is less damaged.
    [0051] From the above, the conclusion can be drawn that water is not the kitchen's best friend when it comes to preparing vegetables and greens. When vegetables are boiled, they reach 100 ° C and the water penetrates more easily inside the food, dragging the nutrients out.
    [0053] Products that are prepared on the grill, in the microwave and in the oven, can exceed 100 ° C and exceed 200 ° C, but they are cooked dry and the heat is concentrated mainly on the outside.
    [0055] These nutritive compounds are also severely depleted by industrial treatments of beans in semi-food processing facilities.
    [0056] Current commercial formats in the fruit and vegetable market.
    [0058] In recent years, due to the changes in consumption patterns that our society has experienced, there is a growing demand from consumers and professionals in the restoration, hospitality and catering industry for food products of high organoleptic quality, healthy, safe and that present ease of consumption or preparation (totally or partially prepared dish), which has accelerated the consumption of IV and V range products.
    [0060] Products of the IV range (minimally processed fruits and vegetables) and V range (dishes prepared with application of temperature) are a relatively new market that is growing rapidly, emerging as one of the most promising food markets in Spain. This sector is therefore a market in continuous development and with a favorable forecast for the future.
    [0062] Depending on the degree of processing of food, these are usually classified into first, second, third, fourth or fifth range products. Fresh food (I range), canned food (II range) and frozen products (III range) are mature products on the market that use more traditional preservation technologies (basically heat treatments and freezing).
    [0064] As a consequence of the new lifestyles, changes in consumption habits have occurred, resulting in a great demand for varied foods and prepared dishes (Nursal et al. 2000).
    [0066] However, in recent years more elaborate convenience products with higher organoleptic quality have emerged: minimally processed products (IV range) and refrigerated precooked foods (V range). Since this terminology is not reflected in the legislation, nor is it official terminology, there can be confusion about it and there are products that are difficult to frame. In any case, they are widely accepted terms that consumers are assimilating more and more.
    [0068] The IV range products are fresh fruits and vegetables that undergo a slight processing after their harvest, which does not modify their original characteristics, consisting of their cleaning and adequate sanitation to prevent microbial alterations. Afterwards, they are centrifuged, peeled / cut and packaged in bags or trays in a modified atmosphere, avoiding oxidation and proliferation of microorganisms.
    [0069] The production is supervised with analytics aimed at complying with health legislation and guaranteeing the quality of the product, which, being fresh, without additives or preservatives, has to be kept refrigerated for short periods of time (several days).
    [0071] They are therefore plant products that, without undergoing changes in the sensory, physical-chemical, and nutritional characteristics, increase their functionality and ease of use, providing consumers with a food ready to eat (ready-to-eat). These products provide freshness, since they preserve the properties of fresh fruits and vegetables, convenience, since they are ready-to-eat products without the need for cleaning or washing and health by contributing to a healthy and balanced life, due to the contributions positive of fruits and vegetables.
    [0073] The fact that they are fresh fruit and vegetable products has important implications from a technological point of view: fresh vegetables breathe, consume oxygen, produce carbon dioxide and ethylene; Peeling and slicing increase your metabolism and speed up your breathing rate, with an impact on consistency, color, and aroma. These minimally processed products, contrary to the other transformation techniques, promote an increase in the perishability of the food, therefore, the average useful life is of the order of days and not months or years as in the case of vegetables preserved by conventional techniques. .
    [0075] They are products with a long commercial history in Spain. They appeared in the 80s and 90s in large population centers and focused on salads as a single product of certain leafy vegetables such as lettuce. Subsequently, the number of products is diversified, vegetable mixtures are introduced, and finally fruits are incorporated, as well as mixtures with other non-vegetable ingredients.
    [0077] In a higher step is the V range. They are heat-treated, ready-to-eat products that are marketed refrigerated, requiring only prior heating for consumption, in a microwave oven or conventional oven. They are generally packaged in plastic material and include a wide variety of products, from cooked vegetables to ready-made dishes (such as lasagna and pasta dishes, roast chicken and ready-to-eat rice).
    [0079] V range products are characterized by having a longer shelf life than IV range products (between one and three months) but significantly shorter than frozen ready meals or canned food. Its main advantage over the latter is its greatest Organoleptic quality, which the consumer mentally associates with a fresh product that has been handcrafted.
    [0081] The microbiological safety of these products is based on the combination of a pasteurization heat treatment and generally vacuum packaging, being very important that the refrigeration temperatures are maintained during storage and distribution. The V range products meet all the characteristics demanded by today's consumer, ready-to-eat products, of a high organoleptic and nutritional quality, similar to homemade products, but with a longer expiration date and that meet all the safety guarantees .
    [0083] For this reason, although it is a relatively new type of product, it is growing rapidly, emerging as one of the most promising food markets in Spain.
    [0085] Therefore, the V range are products that require application of heat treatment and, sometimes, vacuum packaging. For its conservation the application of cold is necessary. In turn, some authors divide them into 2 types:
    [0087] The V pasteurized range: It is any type of vegetable food product that, having undergone a heat treatment at temperatures between 65 and 85 ° C, is kept between 21 and 41 days between 2 and 4 ° C.
    [0089] The V range sterilized: Any food product of plant origin that, having undergone a heat treatment in accordance with the sterilization standards and at a temperature above 100 ° C in order to destroy or totally inhibit microorganisms and their toxins, is packaged in a watertight container to liquids and microbial attacks. (Tirilly and Bourgeois, 2002).
    [0091] Among the commercial formats of bean products sold in Spain, the following stand out:
    [0093] Fresh beans: usually bought in the markets in bulk or in bags. It is chopped and cooked.
    [0095] Frozen beans: sold in bags where the beans have been previously chopped, it is almost always prepared by cooking without previously defrosting, pouring the contents into the cooking pot.
    [0096] Canned processed bean: It is usually sold in glass jars or cans in which antioxidants such as vitamin C and citric acid are added in order to improve its conservation. Its conservation period covers several months.
    [0098] The present invention provides a new product, using bagged green beans as raw material and with a previous cooking heat treatment that facilitates preparation by the consumer. With this method it would only be necessary to have a microwave, which is generally available in any home or workplace, in which the bag containing the beans is inserted, which can be totally hermetic and / or micro-perforated and that by means of the waves emitted by the microwave and those absorbed by food (water, fats and sugars) produce an agitation of the dipole molecules present in food, such as water, and consequently the food is heated in a A process known as dielectric heating, which, together with the at least partial sealing of the bag, generates a steam environment inside it that causes heating and final cooking of the product to take place.
    [0100] This new method that is presented also achieves a reduction in the loss of nutrients from the processed beans, since the material is subjected to thermal and blanching processes of which the efficiency in the conservation of its nutritional value since the greatest losses occur in thermal processes and scalding in water-soluble vitamins.
    [0101] The following table (Table 1) shows the comparison of several commercial products and their nutritional values.
    [0102] Table 1
    [0104]
    [0107] In the table you can see the loss of the less stable components after carrying out the different treatments that are Vitamin C, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6 and B12. These components are affected, due to the conventional treatments to which the beans are subjected.
    [0109] Other components such as potassium and magnesium are also affected in the combination of freezing and cooking, so a synergy between both processes can be appreciated. The loss of potassium in vegetables is not so influential, given that kidney patients must have a diet low in potassium, it is a food whose form of preparation and conservation (freezing-cooking) is conducive to kidney patients.
    [0110] There are patents that deal with different green bean production processes or production processes that we can use as a guide, which have characteristics very similar to the process we use and which are described below:
    [0112] Patent FR2707841 (Method for producing quick-cooking leguminous plants and leguminous plants and food products produced from the latter, Lewis, D., et al. 1994) establishes a method for the production of quick-cooking legumes composed of several stages in which the hydration, partial cooking of the legumes, cooking and subsequent freezing, thawing of the frozen legumes, the remodeling of the legumes for the formation of an extrusion product and incorporation of other food ingredients and the elimination of moisture from the legumes thawed or extruded in order to obtain a novel and finally stable product at room temperature. We can extract the different treatments to which they can be subjected, within the production of food made or formed from legumes. Within these variants there would be processes in which hydration, cooking, cooking plus freezing, thawing or extrusion from the union of legumes from partially cooked, frozen and thawed are used in order to form an extrusion product of all of them, with the incorporation of other food ingredients if desired. In short, different processes that are applied to its production are reviewed
    [0114] In patent US7678401 (Blanching vegetables Panaioli, S., et al. 2003). This patent deals with the methods of blanching and cooling without immersion to which vegetables are subjected, generally legumes that will later be commercialized. Heating becomes part of this process. It is a process that preserves the original flavor and the nutritional elements since with this heating the enzymatic inactivation is achieved and therefore the slowing down of the degradation processes. Through this process, it has also been demonstrated that the final texture of the vegetables has been improved compared to traditional blanching and refrigeration processes that involve immersion in water for a long period of time.
    [0116] In patent EP0498972 (Method for blanching or part-cooking vegetable material, Bailey, J, et al. 1991) It deals with a method of blanching and precooking vegetables and vegetables that are subjected to various processes of heating and rapid cooling for the treatment of plant material for its preparation for marketing. It is said that various methods use progressive cooling in which the plant material passes through various tanks that have water with increasing temperatures. Also the disadvantages of this method due to the nutrient washing that occurs, which is why many times the use of cold water sprays is chosen instead of immersing the product.
    [0118] It is known that with a suitable combination of these variables it is possible to obtain commercial products that are easy to prepare, with organoleptic, textural and nutritional characteristics that are most similar to the initial raw material. In this patent, a conveyor is used that circulates inside a tube that takes the plant material to the different stages of the production process, where it first passes through saturated steam, which heats the product, followed by microwave radiation for later be rapidly cooled by spraying with water that contacts a cryogenic material at very low temperatures that cools the plant material rapidly without dehydration of the product. In turn, a modified atmosphere is used within the processes that will reduce losses in color and nutrients. The values of Temperature, vapor pressure and microwave power will be determined for each product empirically. From this patent we can extract the methods used.
    [0120] In patent ES2370347 (Treatment procedure, in particular bleaching and / or cooking of food products in bulk. (Luchini, F., et al., 2006) its purpose is to create a method to prepare food products through stages of heat treatment by heating that must meet technical criteria and that respect the integrity of the properties of said food products, such as their color, flavor, nutritional and organoleptic quality, their texture and the integrity of their shape. It also includes the installation for the implementation for this procedure.To neutralize the enzymes contained in food products and in vegetables, in order to achieve a high quality in their preservation, a heating is carried out, which is usually called bleaching prior to their preparation.
    [0122] At the same time, it aims to remedy the drawbacks of heat treatment procedures, such as blanching and cooking of vegetables, providing a procedure and a facility that allow vegetables to be blanched or cooked while preserving their nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. For this I passes the bulk product through a belt for a period of 30 '' to 15 'by direct contact with a heat transfer fluid, constituted by a mixture of steam and hot liquid water in the form of micro-drops, where the mixture is It is forced to pass through said layer of food products by means of a driven flow, to create a pressure above said layer of food products and compensate for the pressure losses caused by the layer, in order to achieve a homogeneous treatment of said products in the layer, in addition to the invention of the treatment facility.
    [0124] In the patent CA1162100A (Food processing with stream ”(Stark, R., et al. 1984), the treatment of food products with steam of products is treated, for example for the whitening or cooking of vegetable products with the peculiarity of having efficient use of energy for this type of procedure. Composed of a heating module and a vapor-permeable transport module that in turn allows the agitation of the product, allowing a uniform treatment in relatively thick layers and in which the product It is subject since it is in compartmentalized modules. This patent allows an efficient use of energy minimizing the loss of nutrients and the volume of effluents. The transport is carried out by means of a permeable conveyor belt, many nozzles that emit steam that are located below of the conveyor belt for heating and stirring the product. Outside there is an external enclosure that encloses the pr process and that includes the conveyor and nozzles. A holding module comprises the containers to house the product and keep them hot at a certain temperature. With this device, it is arranged to reduce the loss of nutrients from the final product by being heated by means of a thin film of water vapor and not being in direct contact, not producing nutrient washing.
    [0126] Through patent US4871567 (Method for preparing reconstitutable refried beans containing crushed and whole beans., Sterner, M., et al. 1986), its author intends to highlight another of the products that can be prepared based on green beans of a product typically Mexican.
    [0128] An infinite number of products are prepared with green beans, among which those of this patent are also highlighted for a typically Mexican product, in which the process of producing beans is described by using a portion of beans crushed and others ground in different proportions. The initial process presents similarity in the initial phases of, destrío, cleaning of remains of coarse materials, washing. Later it is separated into 2 fractions. A fraction with whole grains and another with crushed with different cooking times each of these fractions and resulting in the whole process a product of dehydrated beans made from crushed and whole beans.
    [0130] Patent US4805524 (Process for preparing elaborated food products and installation for carrying out the process, Deneuville, C., et al. 1986) describes the installation for the preparation of prepared and ready-to-eat food products, of the platso type cooked, V range products, with their own sauce. This product has been adapted for storage in refrigeration at a temperature of 1-5 ° C. This facility has several departments that serve as warehouses, cooking, packing and packaging and transportation within the same facility. It has a heating phase and a product cooling phase.
    [0132] In the patent ES2315137, (Procedure for the manufacture of food portions of laminated vegetable leaves, installation for the implementation of the same and product obtained, Mendoza, J., et al. 2005), deals with the procedure for preparing Food servings of leafy vegetable laminates such as spinach on leafy twigs. Its main objective is to create a process for the production of food portions of vegetables based on leaves that allow the obtaining of a product with superior nutritional and visual quality with which the quality of the leaves is maintained.
    [0134] The phases of this process are the creation of thin layers of leaves that are subjected to heat treatment and bleaching. According to the patent, the food portion is in the form of vegetable leaves superimposed and agglomerated by at least one heat treatment that constitutes a laminate.
    [0136] Dalmoro, A, et al. (2018) focuses on the characterization of thermal behavior in the physical properties of the legumes that are most consumed today, among which are beans. In it, the impact of microwave treatments on legumes was studied. It was shown that not all the values to which the beans are subjected in the microwave are correct, but that the exact amount of temperature and time to avoid loss of nutritional value and deterioration of physical properties.
    [0138] In the work of Peñas, M., et al. (2007) a study is made on the optimal temperature for the elaboration of a V range of cooked bean product that does not affect the final firmness of the final product, nor its tenderness, nor its percentage of weight loss. In it, it is concluded that the optimal heat treatment, without considering the economic data or the conservation or viability of the product by microorganisms, is the subject to a temperature of 105 ° C.
    [0140] The present invention advantageously establishes a process for the production of an elaborate based on cut and washed green beans that maintains the nutritional properties of raw green beans practically intact, but with a texture and consistency similar to those of cooked green beans. And this is so in the case of both flat and round green beans. The final elaboration is a new product of the so-called V range that, bagged in the so-called microwaveable plastics, can be boiled in its own bag resulting from the joint processing; industrial and later microwave, the final elaboration, which preserves the nutritional properties and the bright green color of fresh raw beans, but with a slightly crunchy texture suitable for consumption. These final characteristics are the key to their sensory acceptability, since fresh green beans cannot be consumed due to their leathery texture, and when cooked, their dark green appearance with brown and brown tones makes them less attractive for consumption than those resulting from treatment described in this patent.
    [0142] Bibliography:
    [0144] - -FR2707841: Lewis, D., Lewis, V., (1994) "Method for producing quickcooking leguminous plants and leguminous plants and food products produced from the latter"
    [0146] - -US7678401: Panaioli, S., Rotunno, C., Simeone, V., (2003), “Blanching vegetables”
    [0148] - -EP0498972: Bailey, J., Paul, C., Jürgen, H., Bryn, J., Silvestri, C., (1991), "Method for blanching or part-cooking vegetable material."
    [0149] - -ES2370347: Luchini, F., Maureaux, A., (2006) "Treatment procedure, in particular bleaching and / or cooking of food products in bulk."
    [0150] - -CA1162100: Stark, R., Timbers, G., Caron, J., Cumming, D., Cowneadow, R., Gingell, A., (1984), "Food processing with stream"
    [0152] - -US4871567: Sterner, M., Sterner, M., Zane, R., (1986) “Method for preparing reconstitutable refried beans containing crushed and whole beans”.
    [0154] - -US4805524: Deneuville, C., Hondermarck, D., (1986), "Process for preparing elaborated food products and installation for carrying out the process."
    [0156] - -ES2315137: Córdoba, P., Lebrero, M., Mendoza, J., (2005), "Procedure for manufacturing food portions of laminated vegetable leaves, installation for putting it into practice and the product obtained".
    [0158] - Dalmoro, A., Naddeo, C., Caputo, S., Lamberti, G., Guadagno., D'Amore, M., Barba, A., (2018) “On the relevance of thermophysical characterization in the microwave treatment of legumes "Royal Society of chemistry"
    [0160] - Nursal, B. and Yucecan, S. (2000) “Vitamin C losses in some frozen vegetables due to various cooking methods. Nahrung, Nr. 6, S. 451-453 ".
    [0162] - "Study of the effect of cooking temperature on nutritional quality and texture in a V range product sterilized from green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. Perona), (2007) (Peñas, M., Achaerandio, MI , Pujolá, M.,). ". - Tirilly Y., Bourgeois, CM (2002) “Technology of vegetables. Ed. Acribia SA, Zaragoza (Spain) ”.
    [0164] - http://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/salud/2009/804/1242252003.html.
    [0166] - http://alimentarelcambio.es/verduras-frescas-congeladas-o-de-bote/
    [0168] Description of the invention
    [0170] We have managed to develop a production process for a semi-prepared product in which bagged green beans are made with a blanching treatment by immersion in hot water (without the use of direct steam) and cooling by immersion in cold water, in which we are able to obtain a green bean ready to heat and finish cooking in the microwave oven for a period of 5 minutes at 800 W, or equivalent conditions, with minimal nutritional, organoleptic and textural losses. This treatment has also been achieved that it is integrated into a production chain, whose final objective was a product with qualitative characteristics similar to the original plant material at the beginning of the procedure.
    [0172] The operation of a production line is illustrated in the block diagram found in figure 1.
    [0174] In the line we see that there is the presence of a reception of plant material (Re), a trimming and selection (Ds-Se) in which the ends of the beans are cut and we proceed to select and remove those that do not comply with the established quality criteria, tasks common to many of the patents that we have seen and that deal with the processing of vegetable raw material.
    [0175] Once the beans are prepared and within the same cutting process, they are subjected to a chopping process (Tr) to lengths between 2 and 5 cm, preferably 4 cm. Cut the beans to the desired size, they are subjected to a washing and disinfection (Lv-De). Later they are immersed in hot water, previously heated by applying indirect steam that heats the water to temperatures between 75-100 ° C. In this blanching process (Es) the beans are introduced long enough to achieve the enzymatic inactivation that guarantees that the processes of degradation of color, texture and flavor occur more slowly as the enzymes responsible for the catalysis of the processes are inhibited, therefore that will affect its conservation and, on the other hand, that the vitamin content remains unchanged or is reduced as little as possible, by applying this procedure. This time varies from 3-7 minutes. In addition, this blanching process reduces the number of microorganisms, by destroying the vegetative forms of microorganisms that are on the surface of the product, making it a complement to washing. At the same time blanching is beneficial as it cleans and removes foreign smells and flavors and traces of pesticides that may remain on the surface of the beans.
    [0177] After this time, a sudden cooling (En) of 4 to 8 minutes is immediately carried out by immersion in water at a temperature of 2-7 ° C. After the sudden cooling, the water that could have been retained in the plant material is eliminated, preferably partially, in a drying process (Se) by cold centrifugation at temperatures lower than 10 ° C, before packaging (Em) in bags Micro-perforated suitable for microwave use, to be used for commercialization (Cm). In this way, a minimum but sufficient amount of moisture remains to allow proper cooking in the microwave inside the bag.
    [0179] Due to the great vulnerability of the beans, it is necessary to proceed very quickly and in the best hygienic conditions.
    [0181] Preferably, the process is carried out by placing the beans in perforated baskets or containers, subjecting the beans to the steps of immersion in hot water, immersion in cold water (flash cooling) and drying by centrifugation consecutively, with no dead times in between. steps and keeping them in the same basket or perforated container during all the mentioned steps, until reaching the step of packaging in bags suitable for microwave ovens. In this way it is possible to minimize the mechanical, nutritional, microbial and organoleptic deterioration of the beans.
    [0183] Subsequently, the product is bagged (Em) in semi-perforated bags suitable for microwave ovens and its immediate marketing (Cm), because this product is very perishable and its useful life is short.
    [0185] Description of the figures
    [0187] Figure 1: Flow diagram of the production process. Where:
    [0189] Re - Reception Lv-De - Washing Se - Selection
    [0190] Ds-Se - Destrio - Selection Es - Warming Em - Bagging
    [0191] Tr - Chopped In - Cooling Cm - Treatment with
    [0192] microwave oven
    [0193] Preferred embodiments of the invention
    [0195] The present invention is further illustrated by the following 2 examples, which are not intended to be limiting of its scope.
    [0197] The chemical analyzes were carried out following the following processing guidelines:
    [0199] Canned beans (jar of No processed. Drain and analyze the glass) beans
    [0200] Thawed bean Thaw in microwave. Simmer with enough water for 15 min. Drain and analyze the beans
    [0201] Raw beans Cook over low heat in enough water for 15 min. Drain and analyze the beans
    [0202] Unprocessed bagged bean The entire contents of the bag processed bagged bean is analyzed in the unopened m eter bag in the microwave at 800 w microwave 4 minutes. Analyze the contents of the bag.
    [0204] Example 1
    [0206] The starting point is 15,900 kg of flat green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L), which is processed according to the procedure described above, the heating temperature being 98.2 ° C, the time used being 3.5 minutes, and the cooling time 2.5 ° C and the cooling time of 4 minutes.
    [0208] From the previous 15,900 kg of beans, 11,300 kg of bagged beans are obtained, with a decrease of 28.9% and resulting in 56 bags of 200 g and 1 bag of 100 g.
    [0210] From the starting sample from which the 15,900 Kg to be processed were selected, 500 g were selected for the corresponding analyzes of raw flat green beans.
    [0212] For the analytical comparison of the green beans in glass jar and frozen, a well-known supermarket was visited and samples were acquired in sufficient quantity that were processed for analysis according to the previously specified table.
    [0213] The results are indicated in the following tables.
    [0215] Table 2
    [0218] Raw bean Inedible Bright light green (PMS 373 C)
    [0219] Boiled Beans (a p a rtir Dark green with hints of raw) Crisp to soft light brown (PMS 2418
    [0220] C)
    [0221] Bagged bean (without pas
    [0222] Frozen Boiled Beans Soft and somewhat crisp Dark green with shades of gray (PMS 582 C)
    [0223] Canned Beans Crispy to very soft Dark green with brown tones (PMS 5757 C) PMS - refers to the corresponding Pantone reference color number. The PMS ( Pantone Matching System) of the Formula Guide coated has been used following the classification of the Pantone Book.
    [0225] Table 3
    [0227]
    [0228]
    [0229]
    [0231] The following table specifies the percentages of loss of the most significant nutrients in relation to this aspect.
    [0232] Table 4
    [0233] % reduction of nutrients
    [0236] The light and bright green colors and the crunchy texture of the semi-processed beans and after being cooked in the microwave oven that is the object of the present invention, contrast strongly with the brown and matte colors and the soft textures of the usual products for sale in supermarkets.
    [0238] The light and bright green colors and the crunchy texture of the beans object of the present invention are associated by the consumer with a product with a high degree of freshness, they increase the consumer's appetite for consuming said beans due to their color and appearance similar to raw beans, and increases consumer satisfaction during and after consumption of these beans due to their crunchier texture and higher nutrient content, which produces a greater feeling of satiety for longer. Therefore, the semi-prepared beans by means of the described procedure and whose cooking is finished in a microwave oven will have many possibilities of being acquired again, once they have been tested and compared with the beans of the state of the art.
    [0240] Indeed, the organoleptic characteristics of semi-finished or preserved foods are, despite being properties perceived by the senses, technical characteristics of said products, modifiable by technical procedures, and which are easily cataloged, standardized and / or measurable with sufficient degree of objectivity for a correct communication of the same between the people who work in this sector of the technique, and finally, they are largely responsible for the success or failure of a new product.
    [0242] Among the different organoleptic characteristics, it is worth mentioning the color in vegetables, fruits and vegetables, which is fundamental, because it is the first indicator that is perceived about the freshness of a vegetable, vegetable or fruit, since light and bright colors are immediately associated with a food recently harvested from the field, while vegetables with matte colors and with signs of browning or darkening are associated with foods that have already suffered the effects of the passage of time, such as water loss and browning, which indicates that they have been collected a long time ago and whose nutritional content has already decreased significantly.
    [0244] In addition to freshness, light and bright colors are associated with an increased appetite for these products, since unconsciously or consciously, we associate matte and brown colors with unappetizing products, with which the colors of fruits, vegetables and semi-vegetables - prepared greatly influence the purchase decision by the consumer and their feeling of satisfaction during and after consumption and is a very determining factor in their commercial success or failure.
    [0246] Example 2
    [0248] The starting point is 14,200 kg of round green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L), which is processed according to the procedure described above, the heating temperature being 92.2 ° C, the time used being 4.0 minutes, and the temperature of 2.0 ° C flash cool and 5 minute flash cool time.
    [0250] From the previous 14,200 kg of beans, 11,800 kg of bagged beans are obtained, with a 16.9% decrease, resulting in 84 bags of 200 g and 1 bag of 100 g.
    [0252] From the starting sample from which the 14,200 Kg to be processed were selected, 500 g were selected for the corresponding analyzes of raw round green beans.
    [0254] For the analytical comparison of green beans in glass jars, the samples are the same as in the previous example, so we refer to what is described in it. Regarding frozen beans, the results are also indicated in Table 5.
    [0255] The results are indicated in the following tables:
    [0257] Table 5
    [0260] Raw Bean Inedible Bright light green (PMS 2283 C) Boiled bean (off dark green with hues of raw) Crispy light brown and gray (PMS 3522 C) Bagged bean (without pas
    [0261] Bagged Beans (5 minutes Crisp Bright light green ( Microwave TDC at 800w) 377 C)
    [0263] Frozen Boiled Beans Crispy Dark green with shades of gray (PMS 383 C)
    [0264] Canned Beans Crisp to soft Dark green with brown tones (PMS 7750 C) PMS - refers to the corresponding Pantone reference color number. The PMS ( Pantone Matching System) of the Formula Guide coated has been used following the classification of the Pantone Book.
    [0265] Table 6
    [0266]
    [0267]
    [0268] Table 7
    [0270] % reduction of nutrients
    [0273] The results show that the product object of the present invention from the sensory point of view obviously improves the currently existing products, and from the nutritional point of view it significantly reduces the losses in water-soluble vitamins.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Procedure for preparing a semi-prepared green bean product for human consumption characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    - Scalding by immersion in water at a temperature between 75-100 ° C for a time of between 3 and 7 minutes;
    - Cooling by immersion in water for 4 to 8 minutes at a temperature between 2 to 7 ° C; Y
    - Drying by centrifugation at a temperature lower than 10 ° C.
    [2]
    2. Procedure for preparing a semi-prepared green bean product for human consumption according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the trimming and selection of the green beans, their chopping into lengths of 2 to 5 cm and / or their washing and disinfection previously to blanching.
    [3]
    3. Process for preparing a semi-prepared green bean product for human consumption according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises packaging in hermetic and / or micro-perforated bags suitable for microwave ovens that resist without breaking for at least 5 minutes cooking.
    [4]
    4. Semi-prepared green bean product for human consumption characterized in that it is produced according to the procedure of claims 1, 2 or 3.
    [5]
    5. Semi-prepared green bean product according to claim 4, characterized in that its color is Pantone PMS 370 C green for round beans or Pantone 2278 C green for flat beans.
    [6]
    6. Semi-prepared product of green beans according to claims 4 or 5 when they depend on claim 3 characterized in that it requires a final preparation step prior to human consumption of heating and / or cooking without opening the packaging bag in an oven microwave at 800 W power conditions for 5 minutes or equivalent.
    [7]
    7. Semi-prepared product of green beans according to claims 4, 5 or 6 when they depend on claim 3 characterized in that when heating and / or cooking without opening the packaging bag in a microwave oven under conditions of 800 W of power for 5 minutes or equivalent the beans are Pantone 377 C green for round beans and Pantone PMS 7491 C green for flat beans.
    [8]
    8. Semi-prepared product of green beans according to claim 7 characterized in that when heating and / or cooking without opening the packaging bag in a microwave oven under conditions of 800 W of power for 5 minutes or equivalent, the beans are crunchy .
    [9]
    9. Semi-prepared food kit comprising the semi-prepared product any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that it is accompanied in the same container or packaging by one or more condiments, spices and / or sauces for mixing and / or adding with / to the semi-prepared product after heating and / or cooking prior to consumption.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2782148B2|2021-12-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1232410A|1968-09-16|1971-05-19|
    EP0124627A1|1983-05-04|1984-11-14|Frisco-Findus Ag|Blanching process|
    US20050037118A1|2003-08-13|2005-02-17|Unilever Bestfoods North America, Division Of Conopco, Inc.|Blanching vegetables|
    EP1704783A1|2005-03-25|2006-09-27|Lyco Manufacturing, Inc.|Rotary cooker and cooler with improved product transfer mechanism|
    EP3095334A1|2015-05-18|2016-11-23|Innocenzi, Fiero|Method of packaging cooked vegetable food products|
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